Public Health

The Definition of Addiction Changes

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The American Society of Addiction Medicine has a developed a new way of classifying addiction. “The definition, a result of a four-year process involving more than 80 leading experts in addiction and neurology, emphasizes that addiction is a primary illness – in other words its not caused by mental health issues such as mood or personality disorders, putting to rest the popular notion that addictive behaviors are a form of “self-medication” to, say, ease the pain of depression or anxiety.”

This new definition refutes a great deal of research funded by predatory gambling operators that claim that gambling addicts are merely suffering from another form of mental illness and that they would simply substitute a gambling addiction with another addiction.

A Radical New Definition of Addiction Creates a Big Storm

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Bad Odds for Youth Gamblers

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A recent Johns Hopkins study found that gambling was considered to be normal behavior among a survey of adolescents, particularly among males. Even more troubling was that 12 percent of the participants had behavior considered to be “problem gambling” – much higher than the 1 to 3 percent that is normally attributed to U.S. adult populations.

Bad Odds for Youth Gamblers

CkirbyBad Odds for Youth Gamblers
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Government Study Reveals the Massive Cost of Problem Gambling

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While government-sanctioned gambling is often trumpeted as a new source of revenue, a 2013 study shows shows the staggering cost of problem gambling. This national Australian report reveals that the social and economic cost of problem gambling could total up to $2.8 billion per year.

Cost of problem gambling could be as high as $2.8b- report

LesGovernment Study Reveals the Massive Cost of Problem Gambling
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The Effects of Video Poker in South Carolina

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In 1997, Dr. Quinn founded the South Carolina Center for Gambling Studies and directed a statewide study of Video Poker’s impact on South Carolina. This study outlined the pattern of devastation Video Poker was having on average citizens and demonstrated the uniquely addictive nature of electronic gambling. Dr. Quinn’s study and a follow-up study with Dr. William Thompson of UNLV focusing on the economic impact of Video Poker in South Carolina, contributed greatly to demise of Video Poker in South Carolina.

Here are some key findings from the research:

1. The combination of electronic gambling and convenience venues is extremely addictive and destructive.
2. Minorities and women in particular appear disproportionately vulnerable to video poker.
3. People often gamble more often and/or longer when they are induced.
4. Sometimes people gamble and develop pathology because they have the opportunity.
5. The pathology associated with video poker, unlike other forms of gambling, may prove to be largely non-transferable.
6. The long term economic and social costs associated with gambling are often ignored by political processes obsessed with short term and visible financial gain.

Report of The Quinn-Pike Video Gaming Study

An Economic Analysis of Machine Gambling in South Carolina

CkirbyThe Effects of Video Poker in South Carolina
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Survey Reveals Only 6% of Problem and Pathological Gambers Seek Help

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In this Ontario population survey, researchers discovered that only 6% of problem and pathological gamblers sought treatment for gambling addiction (including attending self-help meetings or accessing self-help resources.) They also acknowledge that more research needs to be done on “the barriers to seeking treatment, both objective and perceived, encountered by gamblers at different levels of problem severity, as well as the triggers that motivate them to take the step of actually seeking help.” Interestingly, the researchers also found that while the use of lifetime gambling treatment services was higher than in other North American gambling surveys, for Ontarians with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence, the rate of treatment seeking was much lower. They speculate that this may be partially due to the fact that “gamblers may be struggling with more, different, or in some cases, more daunting obstacles to seeking treatment compared with people with alcohol problems.”

Treatment Seeking Among Ontario Problem Gamblers: Results of a Population Survey

CkirbySurvey Reveals Only 6% of Problem and Pathological Gambers Seek Help
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The Tobacco and Predatory Gambling Industries Partner Up (in Secret) to Make Huge Profits

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In August 2011, the Reno News and Review publishing the article below detailing how two local Chambers of Commerce in Nevada served as front groups for an influential study that was secretly paid for by the tobacco industry. Since its publication in 1996, the study has been cited repeatedly by the predatory gambling industry in its argument to oppose smoking bans in casinos. It partnered with the tobacco industry to ensure that both would continue to make huge profits of the misfortunes of their customers. This information came to light with the recent publication of the book Casino Women by Susan Chandler and Jill B. Jones. 

Smoke and Mirrors – Big Tobacco and Big Casino Sold Nevadans a Bill of Goods

LesThe Tobacco and Predatory Gambling Industries Partner Up (in Secret) to Make Huge Profits
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More Access to Gambling Leads to More Suicides, Study Finds

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A study by Dr. David Phillips, of the University of California in San Diego, has found that cities with increased gambling have higher suicide rates, and according to Dr. Phillips, this is no coincidence. It is already known that gambling losses can drive people to do things they normally wouldn’t, for example, embezzle large amounts of money to pay for their debts. However this study shows that gambling losses also causes an increased risk for suicide, which is seriously troubling news considering how much gambling has expanded in the US in recent years. Below is a copy of the study, as well as a New York Times article summarizing its findings.

Elevated Suicide Levels Associated with Casino Gambling

NYT Suicide Rate Higher in 3 Gambling Cities, Study Says

LesMore Access to Gambling Leads to More Suicides, Study Finds
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By Misleading Players, Slot Machine Design Spurs Problem Gambling

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This article explains how reel electronic gambling machines (EGMs) have been designed to mislead players and have directly contributed to the high rate of problem gambling: “Unbalanced reel design must be a major factor, if not the major factor, in the maintenance of problem gambling principally because the gambler unconsciously believes he or she cannot lose.” Unlike table games, EGMs offer widely different odds of winning, which the authors compare to loaded dice or rigged carnival games. “The fact that the players do not know the rules makes the reel gambling machine unique amongst gaming devices. Not only are the players ignorant of the rules but the rules vary from machine to machine and neither the gaming industry nor the regulators disclose them. As far as transparency is concerned, the standards applicable to reel gaming machines are totally out of step with all other forms of gaming.” The authors make a strong case for establishing uniform standards, banning biased, “virtually-mapped” reels on EGMs and providing more transparency regarding the player’s chances of winning.

Unbalanced Reel Gambling Machines

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“I Have a Feeling…I Can’t Quite Pinpoint the Research”

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This April 2011 article from the Philadelphia Citypaper reports on Sands Bethlehem (PA) Casino president Robert DeSalvio testifying before the Pennsylvania Legislature that sending monthly statements to gamblers about their losses will violate privacy and may encourage citizens to gamble more because it will remind them about their loss, potentially creating the urge to chase. When asked what the basis of his claim was, he responded: “I have a feeling…I can’t quite pinpoint the research.”

Casinos spend hundreds of millions of dollars every year to build the very best information databases on their gamblers, allowing them to send all kinds of predatory marketing materials – often in real time – with the specific intent of getting the gambler to chase. DeSalvio’s testimony was willfully dishonest.

Philadelphia Citypaper – Care to Revise Your Statement

Ckirby“I Have a Feeling…I Can’t Quite Pinpoint the Research”
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Hitting Rock Bottom – West Virginia and the Problem Gambling Help Line

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West Virginia recently released some jaw-dropping data about the impact of the failed government policy of predatory gambling in that state. Among the findings was that in one county, one out of every 87 residents has called the 24-hour problem gambling hotline seeking help for themselves or a loved one. What is even more troubling about that finding is only about 10% of problem gamblers seek help at all. That means 90% of the problem gamblers in the county have not called the hotline.

Hitting Rock Bottom – Ohio County Leads State in Calls To Gambling Hotline

CkirbyHitting Rock Bottom – West Virginia and the Problem Gambling Help Line
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